Despite my early hopes I now think it’s impossible to tie Tolkien’s philosophy to the modern environmentalist movement without providing a global survey of environmentalism from the Industrial era to today. It will have to be a sketch. As Ramachandra Guha warns: “To write a global history of anything, let alone a complex and widespread phenomenon as environmentalism, is to be savagely selective.” I am re-writing the first section. Word count: 58,000

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